Blades for turbines.



J. DIANOVSZKY.

BLADES FOB. TUBBINES. APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1913.

1,094,133, I Patentd Apr. 21, 1914 UNITED s ATEs PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN DIANOVSZKY; Q01 IZIASSAIC, NEW JERSEY, ISSIGNOB F ONE-HALF TOOSWALD A.

. SCHLEGEL, OI PASSAIQ-ITEW JERSEY.

BLADES FOB TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 21,1914.

Application filed July 12, 1913. Serial 10. 778,627.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that '1, JOHN DIANOVSZKY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Passaic, Passaic county, New Jersey, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Blades for Turbines, of which the following is afull, .clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in the bladeconstruction ofsteam,gas, or other elastic fluid turbines, and the object of my invention isto construct the blades and their supports so that the blades can bevery easily made, can be readily inserted in the running rings of theturbine, will be shaped so that they will get the full force of thepressure fluid or the impact of the fluid which propels the turbine, andparticularly to construct the blades with bases which can be readilyinserted in grooves in the running rings, and in which .a. part of ablade will overlap the base of the next adjacent blade, thus binding thewhole series of blades in place. This arrangement holds them againstaccidental displacement, and yet permits any one or more of them to beeasily inserted. or removed whenever necessity requires. I have usedthese blades and fastenings of the same in a steam turbine, but they arejust as well adapted to gas turbines or to other forms of machines whereblades are used.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar reference characters indicatecorresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a broken side elevation of a running ring provided with myimproved blades. Fig. 2 is"-a side elevation of a slightly modified formof the construction.

Fig. 3 shows another slight modification in which the top flanges areomitted. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 represent plans of the construction shown inFigs. 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Figs. 7 8 and 9 represent horizontalsections through the blades shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 6. Fig. 10 is abroken side elevation very much enlarged, of another slight modificationof the invention. Fig. 11 shows asectional plan of another modificationof the blade, and Fig. 12 is a detail of one of the blades.

The blades are adapted to be used in connection with running rings 10,which can be $5 of any approved or usual kind, and these are providedwith parallel grooves 11 which extend diagonally across the face of therings. These grooves are adapted to receive. the bases 12 of the blades13, and the bases are always straight bases which will just fill thegrooves 11 and lie flush with .the top of the ring 10, while the body ofthe blade itself may be changed somewhat, as presently described. Thegrooves are plane grooves which are rectangular in cross sec tion, andthe bases 12 of the blades are of. the same shape as the grooves whichthey fill, so that the blade bases can be either driven in lengthwise ofthe grooves, or

driven in straight on the radial line of the ring. This makes the bladeand ring very simple to construct, and enables a blade to be easilyinserted or removed. The blade 13 is preferably formed with a sharp bend14 at its forward or intake edge, and with a wide tail-piece 15extending rearwardly as shown in Fig. 12. This causes the elastic fluidto strike against the blade in a manner to exert a forward propellingforce, and the tail-piece 15 guides it to the next series of blades inthe usual manner; but as it extends well rearward, it enables all theexpansive force of the fluid to be used as well as the impact force. Aparticular advantage of the construction referred to and shown in detailin Figs. 7 9 and 12, is that each blade 13 has the part ll shaped tooverlap the base 12 of the next adjacent blade, thus fastening saidblade in place. It will be observed that this arrangement of the bladeand base causes pressure on the blade (see Fig. 7) as exerted on a planeparallel with the movement of the ring 10, to be almost longitudinal ofthe base, or at least at less than a right angle to the base, so thatthe blade is very much stronger. Where the strain is transverse of thebase, the blade is very likely to be broken oif.

The blades can be left open at the top, especially if they are short, asin Figs. 3 and 6, or they can be closed by flanges as for infrom withoutafli'ecting the principle of the invention. For instance the body of theblade .can be made trlangular as shown at 17 in Fig. 8, and this can beprovided with flange 16 at the top, of the same general shape as theblade, and as shown in Fig. 5. The flanges can also be arranged at thebottom, and the flanges at top and bottom can' In such case the ring 19has grooves to receive the tops 12 of the blades, which tops are madeprecisely like the bases 12 already referred to, and slip into the ringin the same manner.

In Fig. 11 I have shown a form of blade substantially as alreadydescribed, except that the part 14 does not overlap the base of the nextblade. This I find an efficient form of blade, but I prefer the form inwhich the blades lock.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the blade which Iproduce is exceptionally strong, that the means of locking it in therunning ring is particularly easy, that each blade locks the next thusforming a chain of locked blades, and that the blades are constructed soas to get-the fullforceoft plane parallel grooves across'its face, of aseries of blades each blade havinga base to fit one of the aforesaidgrooves,-anda wing or body portion risingfrom the-base one edge portionof the wing being sharply inturned so as to project beyondthe base andoverlap the base of a next adjoining blade, and the second edge of thewing projecting from the base at a less angle than the first edge, thetwo edges of the wing lying within the vertical planes of the ringsides.

2. The combination with the rin having diagonal grooves across its face,ot a series of blades having bases to fit the grooves, and curved bodiesrising from the bases, the said bodies being so shaped that a portion ofthe body of one blade shall overlap the base of the next adjacent blade.

JOHN DIANOVSZKY \Vitnesses p GEORGE FEsKA, JOHN SHAFRAN. 'J

